Menudos e Anos 80

Geography Apartheid

The anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela, who presided over South Africa after the apartheid regime.
Apartheid was officially established in South Africa in 1948 by the Nationalist Party (Nationalist Party) who rose to power and blocked the integration policy that was being practiced by the central government.

The Nationalist Party represented the interests of white elites, specifically minority boere. After 1948, the system of racial segregation peaked. Were abolished definitely some political and social rights that still existed in some provinces of South Africa.

Racial differences were legally codified in order to classify the population according to the social group they belonged to. Segregation took enormous extension permeating all space and social relations. Marriages between whites and blacks were banned.

Blacks could not hold the same transportation used by the whites, could not reside in the same neighborhood and not do the same work, among other restrictions. Whites came to control about 87% of the country, what was left was composed of independent territories, but very poor, social groups left to non-whites.

Decline of apartheid
Apartheid is the only case history of a system in which racial segregation has taken an institutional dimension. This situation set the South African government as a dictatorship of the white race.

In the 1970s, the government of South Africa tried in vain to find formulas that would ensure some international legitimacy. However, both the United Nations (UN) and the Organization of African Unity voted numerous resolutions condemning the regime.

In the course of 70 years in South Africa witnessed numerous violent social upheavals and promoted by the black majority, but severely repressed by the white elite. Under the government of hardliners, led by Peter. W. Botha (1985-1988), tried to eliminate opposition to the white government and the race riots were harshly repressed.

However, social upheaval and intensified international pressure. In 1989, Frederic. W. de Klerk, became president. In 1990, the new president leads the South African regime to a change that puts an end to apartheid. That same year, the black leader Nelson Mandela, who since 1964 serving a sentence of life imprisonment, is released. In the first free elections took place in 1993, Mandela was elected president of South Africa and ruled from 1994 to 1999
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